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  5. love in the time of the greeks 12 words to talk about feelings

Love in Ancient Greece: 12 words to talk about feelings

14 February 2024
In the Folds of the Toga

By some strange twist of fate, a few days ago we found ourselves in the middle of spring cleaning. It was raining, windy and the only thing we wanted was a cup of tea and a blanket, but our pleas met with walls of silence.

To counteract this divine punishment in some way (we are sure that there is a god designated for this kind of torture) we bargained with the cleaning of our favorite area: the library.

Beautiful, immense, dusty (it really needed a wipe of a rag, here we say it and we deny it), full of memories. It may seem absurd, but a tedious task has given us more smiles than we would have imagined and the basis for an article in perfect harmony with Valentine's Day.

Galeotto was the Rocci – Dictionary of Greek with a capital D – and the ancient language for which we shed countless tears in our youth. Immersing ourselves again in those pages, leafing through them and seeing the characters of the Greek alphabet chasing each other, giving life to an immense civilization, resurfaced in us the desire to pull out of the pockets of the past some of the things we liked most about this language: the nuances.

To approach Greek is to knock on the door of a world of sharp words and caressing adjectives. It is a demanding language that requires extreme transport. Whether towards hatred or towards love, only time and human disposition can tell.

Among the amenities of this language, the concept of love has always had a place of honor. Myths and representations of human feelings have always had a hold on our bohemian soul and we have always been struck by the wide range of terms to talk about love and the carousel of meanings linked to it.

Love for oneself, love for one's family, love for the gods, love for one's work. What we tend to express in turns of phrase and complicated paraphrases took on its own dimension in ancient times.

The ancient Greeks conveyed the variety of human feelings with efficiency and ruthless sincerity. Today we decided to rely on their words to describe one of the most controversial feelings in the history of mankind.

  • 1.
    Eros (έρως)

    We could only start with the example of love par excellence: eros, which can be translated as that passion, desire and burning longing of which, in ancient times, Eros was the bearer, a winged god with the appearance of a child son of Aphrodite and Ares.

    It is love that burns the heart and inflames the spirit of lovers and flows into carnal intercourse.

  • 2.
    Philia (φιλία)

    In terms of the diffusion of the word and its meaning, eros is often seen as a generalization of love, but as noted above, it is only a small part. The highest form of love was in fact considered philia, or friendship.

    This delicate word tells of the brotherly love that two individuals can feel for each other. It was a symbol of one of the most sacred bonds that could be established between two people, as it indicated a community of uncommon intentions, thoughts, and knowledge.

  • 3.
    Agape (αγάπη)

    From the human to the divine: with agape we enter into the perspective of love as affection or of the self as an object of love. What the word outlines is no longer a relationship between individuals on the same level, but is transfigured in the love that God feels for humanity.

    In Latin, it translates to Christian caritas.

  • 4.
    Storge (στοργή)

    Love, tenderness, affection. Three words that beautifully encapsulate the cardinal meaning of this word: family love.

    The word storge can refer to both filial love and a parent's love for their children. It represents the natural and instinctive feelings we have for our family members.

  • 5.
    Philautia (φιλαυτία)

    To love others, we must learn to love ourselves. Philautia indicates that love for oneself which, as Aristotle teaches, has a positive connotation. In fact, it describes the desire to improve and improve ourselves, leading us to want the best for ourselves and consequently inspiring others to want it for themselves.

    It is an act of love towards our soul and our inner self.

  • 6.
    Pragma (πρᾶγμα)

    As the word suggests, *pragma *is a type of stable and lasting love, developed between two people who have been together for a long time. It is the commitment and dedication that goes into keeping a couple going, making love mature together with people.

  • 7.
    Mania (μανία)

    It is the whirlwind of feelings that leads to extreme actions, that stirs the heart in the chest and makes us fall prey to emotions.

    Of a negative matrix, it is that crazy passion often used in the description of events or battles with a high emotional load, to tell the ferocity of a battle or the raging of weapons in your hands while you are caught up in the frenzy of war.

  • 8.
    Charis (χάρις)

    Translatable as favor or benevolence in its broadest sense, in an erotic sense it becomes the exemplification of flattery.

    As Plato says in the Phaedrus, *charis *is the delight of amorous pleasures. In itself it contains the pleasure of soul and body, creating an idyllic situation for lovers who are on the same emotional plane. Without equality between the parties, charis would have no fertile ground in which to take root.

  • 9.
    Pothos (Πόθος)

    The yearning that is felt when the loved one is far away is encapsulated in the pothos, the loving desire for those who are distant. Brother of Eros, he stands out for his representation of the desire for love, embodying its most nostalgic dimension.

  • 10.
    Thelema (θέλημα)

    It's the love for one's craft. Unlike the others, it is not directed towards a person, but can only be used for something that we do ourselves. It can be a job, such as writing, or a passion, such as reading or studying a language.

  • 11.
    Himeros (ἵμερος)

    Son of Aphrodite, brother of Eros and Pothos, he is the personification of living desire. It is the longing for the other, the impulse that translates into insane and consuming love. It has a predominantly carnal meaning and needs physical satisfaction to be extinguished.

  • 12.
    Anteros (αντέρως)

    It is the mutual love between individuals, which must be constantly nurtured and cared for in order to develop without withering.

    We owe this kind of love to Eros himself who, according to the myth, seemed unable to grow. His mother Aphrodite was prophesied that only the love of a brother would help him become an adult, so the goddess and Ares had Anteros, a symbol of how love needs to be reciprocal in order to grow.

                                                                     ❤️

Eros shakes my soul | like the wind on the mountain | that bursts into the oaks | and loosens the limbs and shakes them, | sweet, bitter, indomitable serpent (Sappho)

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